Bambusoideae

The Bambusoideae is a subfamily of the true grass family Poaceae, and is characterized by having 3 stigmas and are mostly tree-like.^[1] However, there are uncertainties at practically every taxonomic level within the Bambusoideae, and different types of data (floral morphology, vegetative structures, anatomy, and genetics) often result in support for differing relationships.

The Bambusoideae generally consists of a distinct “core” group of genera, the woody bamboos (Bambuseae) and an associated group of genera of questionable affinity, the herbaceous bamboos (Olyreae). The bambusoid taxa have long been considered the most “primitive” grasses, mostly because of the presence of bracteate, indeterminate inflorescences, “pseudospikelets,” and flowers with three lodicules, six stamens, and three stigmas.^[2]

Taxonomy research[edit source | edit]

Flora distribution map of the Poaceae subfamily Bambusoideae.

In a recent study ^[3] DNA sequences for the chloroplast gene ndhF were analyzed to address phylogenetic relationships among the major lineages of the Poaceae. They found that two tribes of neotropical herbaceous bamboo tribes, the Streptochaeteae and Anomochloeae, are resolved as the most basal clade within the grass family, confirming the hypothesis that elements within the Bambusoideae sensu lato are basal within the Poaceae, and also showing that the Bambusoideae s.l. is polyphyletic.^[2] A recent study which analyzed the phylogenetic relationships within the Bambusoideae using rp116 intron sequence data from chloroplast DNA was able to further resolve some of the uncertainties remaining in Clark et al.’s (1995) analysis. Kelchner and Clark’s (1997) analysis resolved a Bambusoideae clade with two monophyletic groups: the Bambuseae (woody bamboos) and the Olyreae/Parianeae (herbaceous bamboos).^[4]

Within the Bambuseae two clades were recovered corresponding to temperate and tropical woody bamboos, and the tropical taxa were even further divided into New World and Old World clades. The distinct lineages produced strongly correspond with geographic divisions, with major clades representing the New World herbaceous species (Olyreae/Parianeae), New World tropical woody bamboos, Old World tropical woody bamboos, and North temperate woody bamboos (all Bambuseae).

Subdivisions[edit source | edit]

Bambusoideae is divided into two groups:

1. the Oryzodae
2. the Bambusodae

Tribes[edit source | edit]

It has 13 tribes, as following:

• Oryzodae
  

  This group is also separated into subfamily Oryzaceae.

  • Tribe Anomochloeae
    

    This tribe is also separated to form subfamily Anomochlooideae. There is one genus: Anomochloa.

  • Tribe Diarrheneae
    

    There is one genus: Diarrhena.

  • Tribe Ehrharteae
    

    There are four genera: Ehrharta, Microlaena, Petriella^{[citation needed]}, Tetrarrhena.

  • Tribe Olyreae
    

    There are 20 genera: Agnesia, Arberella, Buergersiochloa, Cryptochloa, Diandrolyra, Ekmanochloa, Froesiochloa, Lithachne (also placed in Oryzeae), Maclurolyra, Mniochloa, Olyra (plant), Pariana, Parianella, Parodiolyra, Piresia, Piresiella, Raddia, Raddiella, Rehia, Reitzia, Sucrea.

  • Tribe Oryzeae
    

    This tribe also forms subfamily Oryzoideae. It has 13 genera: Chikusichloa, Hydrochloa, Hygroryza, Leersia, Luziola, Maltebrunia, Oryza, Porteresia, Potamophila, Prosphytochloa, Rhynchoryza, Zizania, Zizaniopsis.

  • Tribe Phaenospermatae
    

    There is 1 genus in this tribe: Phaenosperma.

  • Tribe Phareae
    

    There are 4 genera: Leptaspis, Pharus, Scrotochloa, Suddia.

  • Tribe Phyllorhachideae
    

    This tribe has 2 genera: Humbertochloa, Phyllorhachis.

  • Tribe Streptochaeteae
    

    There is one genus: Streptochaeta.

  • Tribe Streptogyneae
    

    This tribe only has one genus: Streptogyna.

• Bambusodae
  • Tribe Bambuseae
    

    This tribe comprises woody bamboos (or hardy bamboos). There are 91 genera, distributed into several subtribes:

    • Subtribe Arthrostylidiinae
      

      Comprises 13 genera: Actinocladum, Alvimia, Apoclada, Arthrostylidium, Athroostachys, Atractantha, Aulonemia (Matudacalamus), Colanthelia, Elytrostachys, Glaziophyton, Merostachys, Myriocladus, Rhipidocladum.

    • Subtribe Arundinariinae
      

      Comprises 16 genera: Acidosasa, Ampelocalamus, Arundinaria, Borinda, Chimonocalamus, Drepanostachyum (Himalayacalamus), Fargesia, Ferrocalamus, Gaoligongshania, Gelidocalamus, Indocalamus, Oligostachyum, Pseudosasa, Sasa, Thamnocalamus, Yushania.

    • Subtribe Bambusinae
      

      Comprises 10 genera: Bambusa (Dendrocalamopsis), Bonia (Monocladus), Dendrocalamus (Klemachloa, Oreobambos, Oxynanthera or Sinocalamus), Dinochloa, Gigantochloa, Holttumochloa, Kinabaluchloa (Maclurochloa, Soejatmia), Melocalamus, Sphaerobambos, Thyrsostachys.

    • Subtribe Chusqueinae
      

      Comprises 2 genera: Chusquea, Neurolepis.

    • Subtribe Guaduinae
      

      Comprises 4 genera: Eremocaulon, Guadua, Olmeca, Otatea.

    • Subtribe Melocanninae
      

      Comprises 9 genera: Cephalostachyum, Davidsea, Leptocanna, Melocanna, Neohouzeaua, Ochlandra, Pseudostachyum, Schizostachyum, Teinostachyum.

    • Subtribe Nastinae
      

      Comprises 6 genera: Decaryochloa, Greslania, Hickelia, Hitchcockella, Nastus, Perrierbambus.

    • Subtribe Racemobambodinae
      

      Comprises one genus: Racemobambos (Neomicrocalamus, Vietnamosasa)

    • Subtribe Shibataeinae
      

      Comprises 8 genera: Chimonobambusa, Indosasa, Phyllostachys, Qiongzhuea, Semiarundinaria (Brachystachyum), Shibataea, Sinobambusa, Temburongia (incertae sedis).

  • Tribe Guaduelleae
    

    There is one genus: Guaduella.

  • Tribe Puelieae
    

    There is one genus: Puelia.

References[edit source | edit]

Wikispecies has information related to: Bambusoideae

1. ^ Judd, WS, CS Campbell, EA Kellogg, PF Stevens, MJ Donoghue [eds.]. 2008. Plant Systematics: A Phylogenetic Approach, 296-301. Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland, Massachusetts USA.
2. ^ ^{a b} Clark, LG, W Zhang, JF Wendel. 1995. A Phylogeny of the Grass Family (Poaceae) Based on ndhF Sequence Data. Systematic Botany 20(4): 436-460.
3. ^ (Clark et al., 1995)
4. ^ Kelchner, SA, LG Clark. 1997. Molecular Evolution and Phylogenetic Utility of the Chloroplast rpl16 Intron in Chusquea and the Bambusoideae (Poaceae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 8(3): 385-397.

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